Product Code Database
The dredge oyster, Bluff oyster or Chilean oyster ( Ostrea chilensis), is also known in Chile as ostra verde, is a species of flat oyster. It is a marine bivalve mollusc of the family Ostreidae.
In Chile, its range limit is from Chiloé Island, Los Lagos region to Guaitecas Islands, Aysén region. Practically, nowadays it only exists in the wild in one natural bank, Pullinque, a sector located in the Quetalmahue Gulf of Ancud which was declared a genetic reserve in 1982, and as a marine reserve in 2003.
In the 1960s, the species was deliberately introduced to the Menai Strait off Wales by the Fisheries Laboratory, Conwy. This was an experiment to determine if the oyster could be an alternative to the native Ostrea edulis oysters in fisheries. The species was found to be unsuitable because of low recruitment and vulnerability to parasites and pathogens, and the experiment was abandoned. A self-sustaining population of O. chilensis remains, and has spread to other areas of the Menai Strait; it is regarded as an invasive species.
In Chile, it has been harvested by the fishermen of Chiloé Island since ancient times, but the written and photographic information dates back to the mid-1800s. As Chile is the longest country in the world, the transportation of the harvested oysters by wooden-made ships, or by early trains in the early 1900s from the south (42°S) to the port of Valparaíso, and then to the capital, Santiago, was complex; however, it got solved when the oysters were placed in barrels that were grated and jointed by Chusquea quila, a kind of bamboo, and then filled with seawater. The trip lasted half a month. In the city of Ancud, Chiloé Island, the extraction of the oyster was banned even at that time (as in 1869 and then in 1874) due to its overexploitation, on the other hand its sale brought thousands of barrels, boxes and sacks of oysters to the capital to supply its great demand. The oysters was even kept in ponds for growing by Frenchmen, first by Mr. Choloux in Lechagua, Ancud, 1874 and later by the Solminihac family, formally with a concession in Quetalmahue, city of Ancud, in 1915. A couple of years later, in 1935, the Pullinque Oyster Station was built in Pullinque to try to cultivate the Chilean oyster, initiative that proved to be successful because it could provide with seeds for growth to other aquaculture centers that emerged during the agrarian reform period. The economy of Chilean oysters was severely hurt when the most powerful earthquake recorded happened in Valdivia, 1960 because the Pullinque Oyster Station was destroyed by it. Hence, the Corfo institution tried to bring-in the Pacific oyster, but the intention was not recommended by the consulted experts, a decision that was respected by the national government. After the agrarian reform the commercial aquaculture started in the 80s, during the Civic-military dictatorship of Chile, according to FAO, since producers that were state-managed passed to be privately regulated, and also because many exotic species were tentative to introduce as culture options. Nowadays, its culture is successful in Chile with considerable tons exported, and consumed in some places and restaurants.
Flawed discards practices in Chile during the 1890s of the small oysters ended up killing some oyster banks in Ancud. Particularly in Corona lighthouse and Quetalmahue Gulf; as the turbulence generated by the falling oysters resuspended the bottom sand, creating hypoxia conditions that did not allow the bivalves to breathe.
|
|
